blog

where is augusta national golf course

Photo of david toms david tomsFebruary 8, 2023
0 15 23 minutes read
Augusta National Golf Club

Augusta National Golf Club, Hole 10 (Camellia).jpg

The 10th fairway and green in 2006
Club information

Augusta National Golf Club is located in the United States

Augusta National Golf Club

Display a map of the United States. Display a map of Georgia Display all
Coordinates 33°30′9″N 82°1′12″W / 33.50250°N 82.02000°WCoordinates:33°30′9″N 82°1′12″W / 33.50250°N 82.02000°W
Location Augusta, Georgia, U.S.
Elevation 160–310 ft (50–95 m)
Established 1933, 89 years ago
Type Private
Owned by Augusta National Inc.[1]
Total holes 27 (18 Hole Championship Course + 9 Hole Par-3 course) (18 Hole Championship Course plus 9 Hole Par-3 course)
Events hosted Masters Tournament
(1934–present)
PGA Seniors’ Championship
(1937–38)
Augusta National Women’s Amateur
(2019–present)
Greens Bentgrass
Fairways Ryegrass[2]
Website masters.com
Designed by Bobby Jonesand
Alister MacKenzie[3]
Par 72
Length 7,510 yards (6,870 m)
Course rating 78.1(unofficial)[4]
Slope rating 137(unofficial)[4]
Course record 63 –Nick Price(1986),
Greg Norman(1996)[3]

Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to asAugustaorthe National, is agolf clubinAugusta, Georgia,United StatesUnlike the majority of private clubs, which are non-profit organizations,[1]Augusta National is a for-profit business that does not reveal its earnings, assets, membership list, or ticket sales.[5]

Founded byBobby JonesandClifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones andAlister MacKenzie[3]and opened for play in 1932.[5]Since 1934, the club has played host to the annualMasters Tournament, one of thefour men’s major championshipsin professionalgolf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the most highly rated course inGolf Digest‘s 2009 list ofAmerica’s100 greatest courses[6]It was placed tenth in terms of course architecture onGolfweek Magazine‘s ranking of the finest classic courses in the United States in 2011.[7]

In 2019, the course began co-hosting theAugusta National Women’s AmateurwithChampions Retreat Golf Club.[8]

History[edit]

Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts created Augusta National in 1932 on the 365-acre site of Fruitland, a historic nursery/antebellum plantation (later Fruitlands).[9]Jones’ goal was to build a world-class winter golf course in his home state of Georgia. During the first decade of the club’s existence, membership was low and finances were short due to theGreat Depressionas well as Augusta’s somewhat isolated location, prompting the couple to abandon future plans for a “ladies’ course,” squash and tennis facilities, and numerous estates.[5]

Its first club professional wasEd Dudley, who held the position until 1957; Dudley was a prominent tournament professional of his age, with 15 victories on thePGA Tour.

The Masters was established in 1934 in an effort to attract spectators and players. Roberts convinced Jones, who had previously retired, to return to the tournament. (At first, Jones was opposed to the name.)Masters.)[5]

Roberts personally invited Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife Mamie to Augusta in 1948. Eisenhower took a liking to the club, becoming a member, and hired Roberts as his executor and financial advisor, who had a house (Eisenhower Cabin) constructed for Eisenhower on the grounds. Eisenhower visited Augusta National 29 times during his presidency.[5]

Facilities and grounds[edit]

Augusta is known for its immaculate appearance: pine needles are imported, bird noises are broadcast on discreet speakers, and the ponds were formerly colored blue.[5]The club is famed for itsazaleasanddogwoods.[1]

Employees, club members, and visitors (referred to internally as “patrons”) are subject to stringent rules and procedures. No cell phones or other electronic devices are permitted (except in the press building—spot checks are performed elsewhere); no running or loud talking is allowed; and spectators are not allowed to cheer when a player makes a mistake.[5]These restrictions are enforced by security personnel, who are generally supplied byPinkerton.[5]Rulebreakers are banned indefinitely, if not punished when feasible.[1]

Butler Cabin, at hole 18, is another significant facility. It has been described as “a scene of startling charmlessness and aesthetic death.”[10]The clubhouse, on hole 1, comes from the 1850s and features a well-stocked wine cellar, as well as a practice range.[5]Three huge cottages on the grounds are earmarked for tournament sponsors—as of 2020, there will be three.Mercedes-Benz,IBM, andAT&T.

The club’s on-site press center has television studios, a free restaurant and snack bar, staffed restrooms, and leather seats.[5]Underground wires link cameras strategically positioned across the course to the press building’s studios.[1]

Berckmans Place[edit]

Berckmans Place, sometimes called Berckmans or BP,[11]is a non-public 90,000-square-foot retail and eating facility established in 2012. It is only open for one week a year, during the Masters. The week’s entry permits are $10,000 (increased from $6,000).[12]and must be approved by Augusta National; there is a 10-ticket maximum.[11]Cell phones and photographs are not permitted in the club, as they are anywhere. The price includes free dining at Berckmans’ five full-service restaurants, each of which can seat hundreds of guests: Augusta’s Seafood, Inc.[13]Calamity Jane’s, Ike’s Place, MacKenzie’s Pub, and the Pavilion. After each usage, bathroom stalls are attended to and cleaned.[5]There is a pro shop[12]and four “Putting Experience” putting greens: three somewhat smaller versions of holes 7, 14, and 16; and a “composite course”.[11][12][13]BP clients have access to a special parking lot and entrance (Gate 9).[11]The complex is located near hole 5.[14]

Berckmans Place is named after BelgianLouis Mathieu Berckmansfrom 1858 until 1910, whose family owned the property on which the club is constructed.[15]

Course[edit]

Layout of Augusta National Golf Club

The course was formerly aplant nursery,[16]and each hole on the course is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated. Several holes on the first nine, as well as hole #11, have been renamed.[17]

Hole Name Yards Par Hole Name Yards Par
1 Tea Olive 445 4 10 Camellia 495 4
2 Pink Dogwood 575 5 11 White Dogwood 520 4
3 Flowering Peach 350 4 12 Golden Bell 155 3
4 Flowering Crab Apple 240 3 13 Azalea 510 5
5 Magnolia 495 4 14 Chinese Fir 440 4
6 Juniper 180 3 15 Firethorn 550 5
7 Pampas 450 4 16 Redbud 170 3
8 Yellow Jasmine 570 5 17 Nandina 440 4
9 Carolina Cherry 460 4 18 Holly 465 4
Front 3,765 36 Back 3,710 36
Source:[3][18] Total 7,475 72
Masters Course

Tee Rating/Slope 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Out 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 In Total
Par 4 5 4 3 4 3 4 5 4 36 4 4 3 5 4 5 3 4 4 36 72
Masters 445 575 350 240 495 180 450 570 460 3765 495 520 155 510 440 550 170 440 465 3745 7510
Member 365 515 340 170 400 165 330 480 395 3160 450 400 145 455 380 475 145 370 385 3205 6365

Course lengths for the Masters at the start of each decade:

  • 2020: 7,475 yards (6,835 m)
  • 2010: 7,435 yards (6,799 m)
  • 2000: 6,985 yards (6,387 m)
  • 1990: 6,905 yards (6,314 m)
  • 1980: 7,040 yards (6,437 m)
  • 1970: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)
  • 1960: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)
  • 1950: 6,900 yards (6,309 m)
  • 1940: 6,800 yards (6,218 m)[3]

Augusta National, unlike most other private or public golf courses in the United States, has never been closed.rated. During the1990 Masters Tournament, a team ofUSGAraters, organized byGolf Digest, assessed the course and assigned it an unofficial grade of 76.2. It was re-evaluated in 2009 and given an unofficial rating of 78.1.[4]

The greens on the course are rigorously maintained in order to offer a fast and firm playing surface.[5]This stability is aided by the SubAir System, a subterranean irrigation and ventilation system created and deployed in 1994.[19]by course superintendent Marsh Benson.[5]SubAir soon evolved into its own company in nearbyGraniteville, South Carolina, as well as creating and constructing comparable automated water suction systems in places likePebble Beach,East Lake,Citi Field, andCitizens Bank Park.[1][19]

Thebunkersare packed with granulated rather than conventional sandquartz(known as “Spruce Pine sand” and SP55[20]) which is produced as a byproduct during work atfeldsparmines in theSpruce Pine Mining Districtin and aroundSpruce Pine, North Carolina.[5]Since the early 1970s, when Clifford Roberts visited Linville Golf Club, Augusta has used Spruce Pine sand to fill its forty-four bunkers.Linville, North Carolina, which at the time utilised the material. Since the mining company providing the sand refused payment, in exchange Roberts offered to host the company owner at Augusta at any time, and later gifted him six Masters passes.[20]

According to the golf course architectural website GolfClubAtlas.com, “Augusta National has seen more transformations than any of the world’s top twenty or so courses. Calling it a MacKenzie course is misleading since his characteristics are completely gone and his routing is all that remains.” The site’s writers also mention that MacKenzie and Jones were strongly inspired by theOld Course at St Andrews, and planned for the ground game to be the focal point of the course. Almost from Augusta’s opening, Roberts sought to make changes to minimize the ground game, and effectively got free rein to do so because MacKenzie died shortly after the course’s opening and Jones went into inactivity due to World War II and thena crippling illness. The authors add that “[w]ith the ground game gone, the course was especially vulnerable to changes in technology, and this brought on a slew of changes from at least 15 different ‘architects’.”[21]Golf Course Histories includes an aerial comparison of Augusta National Golf Club’s architectural modifications from 1938 to 2013.[22]

Several adjustments to the course were made by the architect.Perry Maxwellin 1937, including a significant change concerning the present 10th hole. When Augusta National originally opened for play in January 1933, the opening hole (now the 10th) was a relatively benign par 4 that played just in excess of 400 yards. The hole needed nothing more than a short iron or wedge for the approach from an elevated tee. Maxwell moved the green in 1937 to its present location – on top of the hill, about 50 yards back from the old site – and transformed it into the toughest hole in Masters Tournament history.Ben CrenshawMaxwell’s work on the 10th hole was dubbed “one of the great strokes in golf architecture” by the architect.[23]

For the 1999 tournament, a short rough was instated around the fairways. Also known as thesecond cut,[5]With an average length of 1.625 in (4.13 cm), it is much shorter than equivalent primary rough on other courses. It is meant to reduce a player’s ability to control the ball coming out of this lie, and encourage better accuracy for driving onto the fairway.[24][25]

Amen Corner[edit]

The second shot at the 11th, all of the 12th, and the first two shots at the 13th hole at Augusta are nicknamed “Amen Corner”. Author first used this word in print.Herbert Warren Wind[5]in his April 21, 1958,Sports Illustratedarticle about the Masters that year.[26]In aGolf Digestarticle in April 1984, 26 years later, Wind told about its origin. He said that he wanted a memorable slogan similar to baseball’s “hot-corner” or American football’s “coffin-corner” to explain where some of the most thrilling golf had occurred (thePalmer-Venturi rules issue at twelve, with relation to an embedded ball rule and how it was handled,[27]most notably). As a result, “Amen Corner” was established. He said it came from the title of a jazz record he had heard in the mid-1930s by a group led byChicago‘sMezz Mezzrow,Shouting in that Amen Corner.[28]

In aGolf Digestarticle in April 2008, writer Bill Fields offered new updated information about the origin of the name. He said that Richard Moore, a golf and jazz expert from California,South Carolina, attempted to get a duplicate of the vintage Mezzrow 78 RPM disc for a “Amen Corner” display he was putting up for his Golf Museum atAhmic Lake, Ontario. Moore discovered that the record did not exist after doing thorough study. Wind may have “sadly bogeyed his mind, 26 years later,” according to Moore. While at Yale, he was no doubt familiar with, and meant all along, the popular version of the song (with the correct title, “Shoutin’ in that Amen Corner” written by Andy Razaf), which was recorded by theDorsey Brothers OrchestraMildred Bailey’s voice (Brunswick label No. 6655) in 1935. Moore told Fields that, being a great admirer of Wind’s work over the years, he was reluctant, for months, to come forth with his discovery that contradicted Wind’s memory. Moore’s finding was initially made public inGolf Worldmagazine in 2007, before Fields’ longer article inGolf Digestin 2008.

In 1958,Arnold PalmeroutlastedKen Venturito win the tournament with heroic escapes at Amen Corner. Amen Corner was also the site of Masters moments like asByron Nelson‘s birdie-eagle at 12 and 13 in 1937, andSam Snead‘s water save at the age of 12 in 1949 that propelled him to victory. On the flip side of fate, Jordan Spieth’s quadruple bogey on 12 during Sunday’s final round in 2016 cost him his 2-stroke lead and ultimately the championship.

“The Big Oak Tree”[edit]

“The Big Oak Tree” was established in the 1850s on the golf course side of the clubhouse.[29]

Eisenhower Tree[edit]

Also known as the “Eisenhower Pine,” aloblolly pinewas situated on the 17th hole, about 210 yards (192 meters) from the Masters tee.PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, whacked the tree so many times that he recommended cutting it down at a club meeting in 1956.[30]Not wishing to insult the club’s chairman, the president,Clifford Roberts, rather than rejecting the proposal, quickly adjourned the meeting. In February 2014, the Eisenhower Tree was removed after suffering extensive damage during an ice storm.[31]

Ike’s Pond[edit]

During a visit to Augusta National, then-General Eisenhower returned from a stroll through the woods on the grounds’ eastern edge and told Clifford Roberts that he had discovered a suitable location for a dam if the club want one.fish pond. Ike’s Pond was built for Eisenhower to fish in and named after him; the dam is located just where Eisenhower said it should be.[32]

On September 29, 1977, Roberts committed suicide at Ike’s Pond.[5][33]

Rae’s Creek[edit]

Rae’s Creek runs through the Augusta National property’s southern portion. Rae’s Creek runs in front of No. 12 green, has a tributary visible from the No. 13 tee, and flows behind No. 11 green. This is the course’s lowest elevation point. After the 12th and 13th tee boxes, the Hogan and Nelson Bridges bridge the stream. Thecreekwas named for John Rae, a prior land owner who died in 1789.[34]Rae’s mansion was the fortification that was the farthest up the Savannah River from Fort Augusta. The house kept residents safe during Indian attacks when the fort was out of reach.

Real estate[edit]

Augusta National has purchased and rebuilt neighboring properties throughout the years. From 1999 to 2019, the club spent about $200 million to buy 100 separate properties totaling over 270 acres, some more than a mile distant from the club proper.[14]Most purchases are made via LLCs linked to Augusta National in order to conceal the transaction’s specifics.[35]There are more than a dozen of these LLCs known to exist, and up to five may be engaged in a single transaction.[35]Augusta National eventually buys each LLC, obtaining its land holdings while keeping the real estate price hidden from public view.[14]Non-disclosure agreements are also often used.[14]

Augusta National has purchased, destroyed, and rebuilt large strip malls and residential blocks.[36]The group contributed to the funding of a project to reroute Berckmans Road.[35]The club also built a large tunnel underneath Washington Road connecting to a Global Communication Center that was first used in the 2021 Masters Tournament. The tunnel was completed without ever affecting traffic on Washington Rd above, and it is spacious enough to accommodate an 18-wheeler.[14]

Because Augusta National has spent so much money on property acquisition, residents inRichmond CountyIn order to mitigate the consequences of the club’s operations, they have had to seek for special property tax assessments.[14]Investors have also started to buy land and condominiums around Augusta National.[35]

Membership[edit]

Augusta National Golf Club has about 300 members at any given time. There is no application procedure; membership is solely by invitation. In 2004,USA Todaypublished a list of all the current members.[37]Membership is anticipated to cost between $100,000 and $300,000, with yearly dues of less than $30,000 in 2020.[38]Members of the club are sometimes referred to as “green jackets.”[5]

For decades, African Americans were forbidden from joining the club. “As long as I’m alive,” said co-founder Roberts, who subsequently served as the club’s chairman, “all the golfers will be white and all the caddies will be black.”[39]

Ron Townsend, a television executive, was invited and accepted as Augusta’s first African-American member.[40]in 1990 afterShoal Creek Golf and Country Club,[41]African-Americans were denied membership at an all-white golf club in Alabama. The club also faced demands that the PGA Championship not be held there because of racist comments by the club’s founder.[42]

Chairman Billy Payne refused to address the club’s rejection to allow women at his pre-Masters news conference in 2012.[43][44]He defended the club’s stance by pointing out that in 2011, women who were visitors or wives of active members played golf over 15% of the non-tournament rounds.[43]On August 20, 2012, however, Augusta National welcomed its first two female members:Condoleezza RiceandDarla Moore.[45][46]

Notable members[edit]

Notable current members include:

Deceased members include:

Chairmen[edit]

Chairmen are appointed for an undetermined period of time. The chairman is the only person officially authorized to publicly discuss the Masters.[5]

Augusta National’s governing board honored founder Bobby Jones with the post of President in Perpetuity in 1966.

2002 membership controversy[edit]

Augusta National and its then-Chairman Hootie Johnson are well-known for their spat, which began in 2002.Martha Burk, then chair of the Washington-basedNational Council of Women’s OrganizationsThe disagreement occurred as a result of Augusta National’s unwillingness to accept female members to the club.[57]Burk said that she learned about the club’s regulations via a newsletter.USA TodayChristine Brennan’s column was published on April 11, 2002. She then wrote a private letter to Johnson, saying that hosting the Masters Tournament at a male-only club constitutedsexism.[58]Burk’s attitude was described as “offensive and forceful” by Johnson.[59][60]The club hired consulting firmWomanTrendwhich conducted a study and discovered that “Augusta National’s membership rules were not at the top of the list of women’s worries”; the poll was labeled “unethical” by Burk.[61]In response to attempts to tie the problem to sexism and civil rights,[59]Johnson contended that the issue was about any private club’s rights:[59][62]

Our organization, like many others and groups around the country, has a single gender membership. Junior Leagues, sororities, fraternities, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and numerous more organizations fall under this category. And we all have the moral and legal freedom to form our groups in whichever manner we see fit.[63]

Burk, whose childhood nickname was also Hootie,[64]stated she was “named a man hater, anti-family, homosexual, and all the usual stuff.”[58]Johnson was portrayed as aSenator Claghorntype[65]—”a blustery defender of all thingsSouthern“.[65]

Following the disagreement, two members of the club resigned: Thomas H. Wyman, a former CBS CEO, andJohn Snow, when President George W. Bush appointed him Secretary of the Treasury.[58]Pressure on corporate sponsors led the club to broadcast the 2003 and 2004 tournaments without commercials. The squabble was considered by theInternational Olympic Committeewhile re-examining whether golf fits Olympic standards of a “sport conducted without prejudice with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play”.[66]Augusta National extended membership toCondoleezza RiceandDarla Mooreon August 20, 2012.[45]

In 2018, chairman Fred Ridley stated that the Augusta National Women’s Amateur Championship, a 54-hole tournament for the world’s best amateur golfers, will be established in 2019.[67]

Green jacket[edit]

Every member of Augusta National receives a greensport coatFeaturing the club’s emblem on the left breast. Members are required to wear them during the tournament, and the jackets are not allowed to be removed from the grounds.[5]Clifford Roberts, a club co-founder, came up with the concept for the green jacket. Many think he did this so that customers coming during the tournament could easily recognize members. Since Sam Snead’s triumph in 1949, the winner of the Masters Tournament has earned a green jacket, but not membership. The former tournament champion hands over the jacket to the current winner. If the prior winner is unavailable or has won many tournaments in a row, the current chairman serves as the presenter. Until 1967, the jackets were made byBrooks Brothersand since have been made by Hamilton ofCincinnati, Ohio, using imp wool manufactured at the Victor Forstmann mill inDublin, Georgia.[68]

The current Masters champion is the only owner of a green jacket permitted to remove it from the grounds of Augusta National, and only for a period of one year. Before this time limit was in place, the jacket of a few long-past Masters champions had been sold, after their deaths, to collectors. As a result, Augusta National members have gone to tremendous lengths to obtain the remaining copies. With the club’s approval, two jackets are now on display outside Augusta National. WhenGary PlayerWhen he first won the Masters in 1961, he carried his jacket home with him.South Africa. For years, the board urged that Player return the jacket, but Player continued “forgetting” or making up funny inventive explanations why he didn’t. Augusta National’s members agreed to let him retain it after it became a running joke, and it is now on display in his own museum. The second jacket is owned by1938championHenry Picard. Before the traditions were well established, the jacket was removed by Picard from Augusta National. It’s presently on exhibit at the “Picard Lounge” atCanterbury Golf ClubinBeachwood, Ohio. Along with Snead, the nine previous winners were also awarded green jackets in 1949, and these became known as the “original ten” jackets.[69]

Horton Smith‘s jacket, awarded for his wins in1934and1936, was sold for almost $682,000 at auction in September 2013; the highest price ever paid for an item of golf memorabilia.[70][71]Smith died in 1963 at the age of 55, and it had been in the hands of his brother Ren’s stepsons for decades.[69]

Caddies[edit]

Augusta National employs a staff ofcaddiesto help members, visitors, and professionals. Augusta’s caddie staff wears trademark white jumpsuits year-round.

Before1983,[72]At the Masters, players were given staff caddies.[73]Until the 1970s, all four majors and several tour tournaments required the employment of the host club’s caddies.[74][75][76]— theU.S. Openhad this policy through1975[77][78]— but by 1980, only the Masters and theWestern OpennearChicagoretained the requirement.[79]Augusta, on the other hand, solely used black guys as caddies. Club co-founder Roberts once said, “As long as I’m alive, all the golfers will be white and all the caddies will be black.”[80]Robertskilled himself at Augustachairman in 1977; five years later, in November 1982Hord Hardindeclared that golfers will be able to utilize their normal caddies at the Masters from now on.[81]The announcement arrived seven months after the1982event, during which several caddies were puzzled by a Thursday rain delay and failed to arrive on time on Friday morning;[82]Two-time champions sent harsh complaint letters to Hardin.Tom Watsonand others.[83][84]In 1983, 12 players, including the then-five-time champion, used club caddies.Jack Nicklaus, defending championCraig Stadler, and future two-time championBen Crenshaw.[84][85]

The first female caddie at Augusta wasGeorge Archer‘s daughter Elizabeth at her 21st event in 1983, holding the suitcase for her father.[84][86]Archer, the1969Champion, tied for tenth, one of his finest Augusta results. Today, female caddies remain rare at Augusta and on the PGA Tour; most of the women caddies are professional golfers’ regular caddies, such asFanny Sunesson, who has caddied for multiple Masters champions, including three-time winnerNick Faldo, and in 2019,Henrik Stenson.[87]

During the pre-tournament events in2007, Golf Channel’sKelly Tilghmancaddied for Arnold Palmer in the par-3 contest.Fuzzy Zoeller‘s daughter Gretchen caddied for him in his last year as a player in the event in2009. Tennis proCaroline Wozniacki, then-fiancée ofRory McIlroy, caddied for him in the 2013 and 2014 par-3 tournaments.

Crenshaw won his1984and1995Masters titles with Augusta National caddieCarl Jackson.[83][88]

Appearances in video games[edit]

Augusta National Golf Club appears in the Japan-only video game series.Harukanaru Augusta, which started in 1989.[89][90]The games were produced byT&E Soft. One of its last titlesMasters ’98: Haruka Naru Augustawas released for the Nintendo 64.

The video game also includes Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament.Tiger Woods PGA Tour 12: The Masters, and has since appeared in various incarnations of the game. This was the first time that the course has been officially used in theTiger Woodsfranchise.[91][92]EA Sports and Augusta National Golf Club revealed intentions to restore their PGA Tour series in 2021, which would include Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament once again. Furthermore, it was stated that the future championship would include the other three majors – thePGA Championship,Open Championship, and theU.S. Open.[93][94]

Augusta National was also included in a 1986 computer game.Mean 18, published by Accolade.[95]

Further reading[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Jump up to:abcdefghiTolve, Andrew (April 4, 2007).“Below the Hole: The Masters’ Obsession with Underground Technology”.Slate. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  2. ^“Masters Tournament”(PDF). GCSAA. Tournament fact sheets. April 2017.Archived(PDF) retrieved on April 22, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  3. ^Jump up to:abcde“Inside the course: Augusta National Golf Club”. PGA Tour. April 1, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon April 4, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  4. ^Jump up to:abcKnuth, Dean (April 2010).“How Tough Is Augusta National?”.Golf Digest. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  5. ^Jump up to:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabPaumgarten, Nick (June 14, 2019).“Inside Augusta National’s Cultish Dreamworld”.The New Yorker. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  6. ^Szurlej, Stephen (2009).“America’s 100 Greatest Golf Courses / America’s 100 Greatest 2008-09”.Golf Digest. Archived fromthe originalon January 18, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  7. ^“Best Classic Courses”.Golfweek. 2011.
  8. ^Pennington, Bill (April 4, 2018).“Augusta National Makes a Surprising Move Toward Women’s Golf”.The New York Times.
  9. ^“Fruitlands—Augusta: A Travel Itinerary to Discover Our Shared Heritage”.
  10. ^Hyde, Marina (April 17, 2019).“Tiger Woods’ Masters victory was not a story of atonement; it was a story of vengeance.”.The Guardian. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  11. ^Jump up to:abcdVan Sickle, Gary (April 23, 2013).“The greatest Masters VIP suite is Augusta’s Berckmans Place.”. Golf.com. Archived fromthe originalon April 28, 2013.
  12. ^Jump up to:abcMayo, Ashley (April 12, 2015).“This is what happens when you win the most coveted Masters ticket.”.Golf Digest. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  13. ^Jump up to:abGreenstein, Teddy (April 4, 2016).“A look into Berckmans Place at Augusta National, where the VIPs frolic”.Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  14. ^Jump up to:abcdefCosta, Brian (April 10, 2019).“Augusta National Has Quietly Acquired $200 Million in Land”.The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  15. ^Barwick, Robin (April 2, 2018).“Augusta National: Building Berckmans’ Place”. Kingdom. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  16. ^Meyers, Christopher C. (2015).“Fruitland Nursery: A ‘Horticultural Mecca'”.Georgia Historical Quarterly.99(1): 48. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  17. ^Boyette, John (April 3, 2006).“The natural beauty of Augusta National was born in a nursery.”.Augusta Chronicle. Archived fromthe originalon August 21, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  18. ^“Course Tour: 2012 Masters”. PGA of America: Major Championships. from the archivesthe originalon August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  19. ^Jump up to:abMatuszewski, Erik (April 10, 2019).“Augusta National’s SubAir Technology Is Spreading Beyond Golf”.Forbes. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  20. ^Jump up to:abFarmer, Sam (November 11, 2020).“The secret element in the Masters’ beautiful white sand traps”.The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  21. ^“Augusta National”.GolfClubAtlas.com. March 23, 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
  22. ^“Augusta National Golf Club Golf Course History”.GolfCourseHistories.com. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  23. ^Boyette, John.“Maxwell made No. 10 a monster”. www.Augusta.com. Archived fromthe originalon September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  24. ^“Augusta National Gets Rugged Around the Edges”.Los Angeles Times. March 12, 1998. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
  25. ^Newfort, John Paul (April 12, 2008).“10 Years Later, the ‘Second Cut’ at the Masters Remains Controversial”.The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
  26. ^Wind, Herbert Warren(April 21, 1958).“The fateful corner”.Sports Illustrated. p. 48. Archived fromthe originalon December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  27. ^Harig, Bob (April 5, 2008).“50 years later, Palmer’s first Masters victory remains contentious.”.ESPN.
  28. ^The Making of the Masters, byDavid Owen, 1999
  29. ^“Fun facts about the Masters”. Archived fromthe originalon June 23, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2006.
  30. ^“Where is the Eisenhower Tree, and how did it receive its name?”.Golf.About.com.
  31. ^Boyette, John (February 16, 2014).“Masters landmark Ike’s Tree receives significant damage and is eliminated”.The Augusta Chronicle.
  32. ^Pavey, Rob (April 12, 2009).“In 60 years, little about Ike’s Pond has changed”.The Augusta Chronicle. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  33. ^Hodgkinson, Mark (April 9, 2004).“Even when Roberts took his life, the highest standards were applied.”.The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on January 12, 2022. The date was June 17, 2019.
  34. ^“The Course – Landmarks”. Archived fromthe originalon April 14, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2009.
  35. ^Jump up to:abcdCline, Damon (January 19, 2019).“The Augusta National land grab continues”.The Augusta Chronicle. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  36. ^Pingue, Frank (April 4, 2018).“Golf – Not for Sale – The two mansions that Augusta National cannot afford”.Reuters. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  37. ^Jump up to:abcdefg“Augusta National Golf Club members list”.USA Today. August 4, 2004. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  38. ^Dicker, Ron (April 4, 2012).“How Much Does It Cost To Join Elite Augusta Golf Club For The Masters Tournament 2012?”.Huffington Post. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  39. ^Crouse, Karen (April 2, 2012).“Treasure of Golf’s Dreadful Past, Black Caddies Vanish in Riches Era”.The New York Times. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  40. ^“TV Executive 1st Black Member at Augusta”.LA Times. September 12, 1990.
  41. ^Michael McCarthy and Erik Brady (September 27, 2002).“Privacy becomes public at Augusta”.USA Today. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  42. ^Johnson, William Oscar (August 13, 1990).“The Gates Open”.Sports Illustrated. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  43. ^Jump up to:abHiltzik, Michael (March 31, 2012).“Augusta National’s woman problem”.Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  44. ^“Augusta Chairman Billy Payne declined to comment on female membership numbers.”.Golf.com. April 4, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  45. ^Jump up to:abcd“Augusta National accepts two female players, including Condoleezza Rice”.USA Today. August 20, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  46. ^Shipnuck, Alan (April 6, 2004).“Taking on The Times”.Sports Illustrated. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  47. ^Jump up to:abcdefgClayton, Ward (April 6, 1999).“Corporate club nears final stage”.The Augusta Chronicle. Archived fromthe originalon March 24, 2006.
  48. ^Foss, Mike (April 10, 2014).“Roger Goodell is in his green jacket at the Masters.”.USA Today.
  49. ^Hummer, Steve (April 8, 2010).“NFL Hall of Famer Lynn Swann makes an appearance at Augusta National”.The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived fromthe originalon July 3, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  50. ^Harig, Bob (April 7, 2021).“Masters chairman Fred Ridley is opposed to burdening Augusta with a boycott over Georgia’s voting legislation.”.ESPN.com. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  51. ^Low, Chris; Schlabach, Mark (November 13, 2020).“Tales of college football coaches playing Augusta National, from Nick Saban to Steve Spurrier”.ESPN.com. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  52. ^Jump up to:ab“Arnold Palmer died at the age of 87 from heart issues.”.ESPN.com. September 25, 2016. 26th of September, 2016. Palmer won the Masters in 1958, 1960, 1962 and 1964 and is one of two champions – along with Jack Nicklaus – who are members of Augusta National.
  53. ^Go FishESPN.com,Rick Reilly. Retrieved August 8, 2010
  54. ^“Augusta National Golf Club members list”.USA Today. August 4, 2004. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  55. ^Maisel, Ivan (August 14, 2017).“Frank Broyles’ Arkansas legacy lives on”.ESPN.com. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  56. ^Dangremond, Sam (April 12, 2013).“It’s Not Easy Being Green”.Town & Country. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  57. ^Anderson, Dave (April 10, 2003).“Sports of the Times; Hootie Is Keeping Cool on the Eve of the Masters”.The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  58. ^Jump up to:abcNelson, Mariah Burton (December 2003).“Women of the Year 2003 Martha Burk”.Ms. Magazine. Archived fromthe originalon the 19th of November, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
  59. ^Jump up to:abcFerguson, Doug (November 11, 2002).“An interview with Augusta’s Hootie Johnson”.USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  60. ^“Augusta defends male-only members policy”. Golf Today.
  61. ^“Augusta Membership Issue: Hootie Johnson Breaks Silence”.Sports Business Daily. November 12, 2002.
  62. ^“Golf; A Private Club’s Defense”.The New York Times. November 12, 2002.
  63. ^“A Master’s Challenge”. Quintess Charities.
  64. ^Ostler, Scott (April 12, 2003).“With hat in hand, Hootie’s rival prepares for big day at the Masters”.San Francisco Chronicle.
  65. ^Jump up to:abBlauvelt, Harry (October 21, 2002).“Augusta leader’s record defies image”.USA Today. The date was April 25, 2010. Everyone agrees that Johnson, who has a track record of access and inclusivity, is one of the most improbable persons to have become caught up in the Augusta membership controversy. Nonetheless, the former University of South Carolina football star and famous financier is being referred to as a jerk throughout the country. “His whole life has been the polar opposite of what he’s being depicted,” says U.S. Rep. Jim Clyburn, D-South Carolina. “He’s always been on the side of equality and access. He is not predisposed in any manner. He does not deserve this controversy.”
  66. ^Cohen, Randy (August 18, 2009).“Is Golf Unethical?”.The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  67. ^Brennan, Christine (April 4, 2018).“It’s past time to thank Augusta National for providing a prominent stage for women’s golf.”.USA Today.
  68. ^“An Ohio company creates green coats from Georgia fabric.”. February 16, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
  69. ^Jump up to:abKindred, Dave (August 2013).“The case of the missing green jacket”.Golf Digest. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  70. ^Harig, Bob (September 9, 2013).“Green jacket nets $682K at auction”.ESPN. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  71. ^“Masters Champion Horton Smith’s Green Jacket from 1934 and 1936”. Green Jacket Auctions. Archived fromthe originalon September 13, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  72. ^Wade, Harless (April 6, 1983).“Tradition bagged at Masters”.Spokane Chronicle. p. C1.
  73. ^Grimsley, Will (April 5, 1973).“Caddie squabble: Aaron has a narrow Masters lead”.The Journal.
  74. ^Loomis, Tom (April 6, 1973).“Chi Chi prefers own caddy”.Toledo Blade. Associated Press. p. 30.
  75. ^“Westchester winner may bypass events”.Victoria AdvocateAssociated Press, Victoria, Texas, August 26, 1974, p. 1B.
  76. ^“Touring golf pros prefer their own caddies”.Reading Eagle. Associated Press. May 5, 1974. p. 76.
  77. ^“Open golfers to pick own caddies in 1976”.Toledo Blade. Associated Press. November 15, 1975. p. 17.
  78. ^“Break for some”.Rome News-TribuneAssociated Press, Rome, Georgia, January 18, 1976, p. 3B.
  79. ^“Caddies draw golfers in Western Open play”.Rome News-Tribune. Rome, GA. Associated Press. July 2, 1980. p. 8A.
  80. ^Crouse, Karen (April 2, 2012).“Treasure of Golf’s Dreadful Past, Black Caddies Vanish in Riches Era”.New York Times.
  81. ^“Tour caddies at Augusta?”.Times-Newsp. 14. Hendersonville, North Carolina, November 12, 1982.
  82. ^Wade, Harless (April 6, 1983).“Tradition bagged at Masters”.Spokane Chronicle. (Dallas Morning News). p. C1.
  83. ^Jump up to:abLitke, Jim (April 8, 2005).“One caddie carries on tradition at Augusta”.Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. p. D3.
  84. ^Jump up to:abcGreenday, Joe (April 11, 1983).“Elizabeth Archer celebrates a first at the Masters”.Boca Raton News. Knight Ridder Newspapers. p. 1D.
  85. ^Anderson, Dave(April 10, 1983).“New Masters caddies collide”.Sunday Star-News. Wilmington, NC. (New York Times). p. 6D.
  86. ^“Pro Archer has daughter carry bag”.News and CourierAssociated Press, Charleston, South Carolina, August 17, 1980, p. 8B.
  87. ^Dethier, Dylan (April 11, 2019).“Who is Henrik Stenson’s caddie? 5 facts about Fanny Sunesson”. Golf.com. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  88. ^“King of caddies”.Calhoun Times Plus. Calhoun, GA. June 6, 1995. p. 4.
  89. ^“Harukanaru Augusta (Franchise) – Giant Bomb”.Giant Bomb. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  90. ^List ofHarukanaru Augustavideo gamesatGameFAQs
  91. ^“Tiger Woods PGA TOUR 13 Blog”. EA. March 29, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  92. ^Pigna, Kris (March 29, 2012).“Tiger Woods Takes Backseat in New Game”. 1up.com. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  93. ^Sarkar, Samit (April 7, 2021).“EA has acquired exclusive rights to the Masters for their golf game.”.Polygon. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  94. ^Sarkar, Samit (April 7, 2021).“EA has acquired exclusive rights to the Masters for their golf game.”.Polygon. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  95. ^“Mean 18 : Hall Of Light – Amiga game database”. Hol.abime.net. 22nd of November, 2010. Friday, April 5, 2012.

External links[edit]

Related article

what is the slope rating in golf

Photo of david toms david tomsFebruary 8, 2023
0 15 23 minutes read
Photo of david toms

david toms

Related Articles

The Basics of Golf Clubs

January 12, 2023

Flying with your golf clubs? Follow these 5 rules to avoid headaches and mishaps

January 15, 2023

a ga ming golf resort

January 31, 2023

how to regrip golf clubs

January 22, 2023

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Check Also
Close
© Copyright 2023, All Rights Reserved  |  Swinggizmo
Back to top button