where is st andrews golf course

Old Course

The Old Course’sSwilcan Bridge, 2019
Club information
Location inFife, Scotland Show map of FifeShow map of ScotlandShow all
Coordinates	56°20′35″N 2°48′11″W / 56.343°N 2.803°WCoordinates:56°20′35″N 2°48′11″W / 56.343°N 2.803°W
Location	St Andrews,Scotland
Established	1552 (470 years ago)
Type	Public
Owned by	Fife Council[1]
Operated by	St Andrews Links Trust
Total holes	18
Events hosted	The Open Championship,Alfred Dunhill Links Championship,St Andrews Links Trophy
Website	Old Course
Par	72
Length	7,305 yards (6,680 m)
Course record	61;Ross Fisher(2017)

TheOld Course at St Andrews, also known as theOld Ladyor theGrand Old Lady,[2][3][4]is considered the oldestgolf course.[5][6]It is a public course overcommon landinSt Andrews,Fife,Scotlandand is held in trust by theSt Andrews Links Trustunder an act ofParliament.The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrewsclubhouse sits adjacent to the firsttee, although it is but one of many clubs (St Andrews Golf Club,The New Golf Club, St Regulus Ladies Golf Club andThe St Rule Clubare the other clubs with clubhouses) that have playing rights on the course, as well as several non-clubhouse owning clubs and the general public. Originally known as the “golfing grounds” of St Andrews, it was not until the New Course was constructed in 1895 that it became recognized as the Old Course.[7]

History[edit]

Many believe the Old Course at St Andrews to be the “birthplace of golf,” since the sport was originally played on the Links at St Andrews in the early 15th century.[8]Until recently, golf was growing more popular in Scotland.James II of ScotlandIn 1457, he prohibited the game because he believed that young men were spending too much time playing golf instead of practicing archery.[9]The ban was upheld byJames III, and remained in force until 1502, whenJames IVbecame a golfer himself and removed the ban.[10]

Governance[edit]

In 1552,Archbishop John Hamiltongave the townspeople of St Andrews the right to play on the links. The Royal Society was created in 1754 by 22 noblemen, academics, and landowners.Society of St Andrews GolfersThis culture would ultimately form the model forThe R&Awhich is the governing organization for golf worldwide except the United StatesUnited StatesandMexico.[11]When St Andrews Links declared bankruptcy in 1797, it caused quite a stir.[11]To compete with golf for popularity, the Town Council of St Andrews agreed to allow rabbit farming on the golf course. Twenty years of legal wrangling between golfers and rabbit farmers came to a close in 1821, when a local landowner and golfer called James Cheape ofStrathtyrumacquired the property and is credited for preserving the golf courses.[8]

For many years, the course evolved without the assistance of any single architect, though Daw Anderson made significant contributions to its design in the 1850s and 1860s.Old Tom Morris(1865-1908), who created the first and eighth holes. It was originally played on the same set of fairways out and back to the same holes. As interest in the game increased, groups of golfers would often be playing the same hole, but going in different directions.[8]

Influence on modern golf[edit]

The Royal St Andrews Golfing Society ordered a study of the golf course across the links of St Andrews.

The Old Course was critical in shaping how the game is played now. For instance, in 1764, the course had 22 holes and the members would play the same hole going out and in with the exception of the 11th and 22nd holes.William St Clair of Roslinas the captain ofThe Captain and Gentlemen GolfersOn October 4, 1764, improvements to St Andrews were permitted.[12]He decided that the first four and last four holes on the course were too short and should be combined into four total holes (two in and two out). St Andrews had 18 holes at the time, and this is how the standard of 18 holes was established.[13]Around 1863,Old Tom Morrishad the 1st green separated from the 17th green, producing the current 18-hole layout with 7 double greens and 4 single greens. The Old Course is whereThe Open Championship, golf’s oldest major competition. The Old Course has hosted this major 30 times since 1873, most recently in 2022. The 30Open ChampionshipsThe Old Course has hosted more Opens than any other course, and The Open is now held there every five years.

Old Course and Bobby Jones[edit]

Bobby Jones(who later foundedAugusta National) first played St Andrews in the 1921Open Championship. On the 11th hole of the third round, he memorably shot his ball into a bunker. He lost his cool after four swings at the ball and still couldn’t get out, so he finished the round but did not turn in his score card, disqualifying himself. He did, however, play on until the fourth round. Jones returned six years later when the Open Championship returned to St Andrews. He not only won, but he also became the first amateur to win consecutive Open Championships. He won from start to finish, shooting a 285 (7-under-par), the lowest score at either aU.S. Openor Open Championship at the time. He won the competition by a margin of six strokes.

In 1930, Jones returned to St Andrews for theBritish Amateur.[14]He won, beatingRoger WetheredThe final match was won by a score of 7 to 6. He subsequently won the other three majors, making him the only man in the history of the sport to win theGrand Slam. Jones was smitten with the Old Course for the rest of his life. Years later, he said “If I had to select one course upon which to play the match of my life, I should have selected the Old Course.” Jones was awarded the St Andrews Medal in 1958.key to the cityHe was just the second American to earn the honor (the first beingBenjamin Franklinin 1759). After he received the key, he said “I could take out of my life everything but my experiences here in St Andrews and I would still have had a rich and full life.”[15]

Features and hazards[edit]

ESPN“No other golf course has as many iconic features as (the Old Course) St. Andrews, its 112 bunkers and infinite hills and hollows have been cursed for generations, and many have their own names and folklore,” has stated of the course.[16]Hull bunker on the 15th fairway was the final bunker to be filled in on the course in 1949.[17]

Hole(s)	Name of hazard or feature	Type of hazard or feature	Notes	Image (Click to expand)
All holes on the course	Direction of play		Until the nineteenth century, the Old Course was played clockwise.Old Tom MorrisAround 1870, the 1st and 17th greens were divided. From then, the course was played in an anti-clockwise direction on alternate weeks in order to let the grass recover better.[18]Anti-clockwise play is currently the norm, while clockwise play has been allowed on one day each year in previous years. The course is closed on Sundays to allow it to rest.[19][20]On occasional Sundays, the course is transformed into a park for residents who come out to walk, eat, and generally enjoy the surroundings.
	Flags		The course’s first (front) nine holes feature white flags, whereas the back nine holes (save the 18th) have red flags. The 18th green has a white flag to distinguish it from the red.Hamilton Grandbuilding.[21]	7th hole (white flag) 17th hole (red flag)
1 and 18	The Swilcan Burn	Water hazard(Watercourse)	This waterway flows fromSt AndrewsintoSt Andrews Bayacross the Old Course	The Swilcan Burn
	Swilcan Bridge	Footbridge	The Swilcan Burn is crossed by this little stone bridge. The bridge is about 30 feet (9.1 meters) long, 8 feet (2.4 meters) broad, and 6 feet (1.8 meters) tall. Originally constructed at least 700 years ago to assist shepherds in transporting cattle over the Swilcan Burn.	The Swilcan Bridge
	Grannie Clark’s Wynd	Footpath	A one lane paved public road.[22] It was originally used to transport boats from the town center to West Sands Beach.[22]	Grannie Clark’s Wynd
	Bunkers		The 1st and 18th holes do not have any bunkers.[23][17]However, until around 1840, there existed a massive bunker in the center of the fairway called Halket’s bunker, which was eventually filled in.[17]	The 1st and 18th holes
1, 9, 17 and 18	Greens		The 1st, 9th, 17th and 18th holes have their own greens. The greens on the other holes are shared.[24]
2 and 17	Cheape’s bunker	Bunker	This bunker is named after Sir James Cheape who acquired the golf course from rabbit farmers in 1821.[25] The golf course was sold to a subsequent generation of the family.The Royal and Ancientin 1892, who sold it to the town of St Andrews a year later.[25]
3	Cartgate bunker	Bunker	A large bunker protecting the third green.[26]
4	Students’ bunker	Bunker	Three tiny bunkers approximately 50 yards short of the green were supposedly popular with students looking to attract females in the past.[27]
5	The Spectacles bunkers	Bunkers	There are two bunkers on each side of the approach to the fifth green.[28]
	Seven Sisters	Bunkers	The Seven Sisters bunkers were excavated after the1905 Openby removing thegotse.[17]
5 and 14	The Elysian Fields	Fairway	The fairway between the Beardies bunkers andout of bounds.[26]
6	Nick’s bunker	Bunker	[29]	The 6th bunker
7 and 11	Cockleshell bunker	Bunker	A large bunker between the 7th and 11th holes.[30][31]
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12	The Loop	A group of 6 holes	At the extreme end of the course, there are six crisscrossing holes.[16]
8	Short Hole bunker	Bunker	This is the main hazard on the 8th hole.[32]
9	Boase’s bunker	Bunkers	Deep pot bunkers[33]
	End hole bunker	Bunkers	Deep pot bunkers[33]
10	Kruger bunkers	Bunkers	Built during theSecond Boer Warwhen the British were fighting in theTransvaal Republic, whose president wasPaul Kruger. Mrs Kruger and Kruger’s mistress are the names of the bunkers.[34]
11	Hill bunker	Bunker	[35][20][31]
	Strath bunker	Bunker	The Strath bunker is in front of the green.[36][31]
	Eden bunker	Bunker	[31]
	Shelly bunker	Bunker	[31]
12	Stroke bunker	Bunker	The golfer is believed to lose at least one stroke if the ball goes in there.[37]
	Admiral’s bunker	Bunker	According to legend, an Admiral fell into it after staring too long at a young American lady wearing a red mini-skirt and white shoes.[38]
13	Walkinshaw bunker	Bunker	According to legend, it was named after a local golfer who kept going into it.[39]
	Lions Mouth bunker	Bunker	[26]
	Coffin bunkers	Bunker	A group of three bunkers located in the centre of the 13th fairway. The bunkers get their name from their shape.[40]
14	The Beardies bunkers	4 bunkers	The term comes from four little bunkers that are reported to be difficult to mow.[41]
	Kitchen bunker	Bunker	A little pot bunker in the form of a coffin.[42]
	Benty bunker	Bunker	[42]
	Hell bunker	Bunker	Golf MonthlyIt is “one of the world’s most infamous golfing hazards,” according to the author. It covers an area of 300 square yards (250 m2) and between 7 feet (2.1 m) and 10 feet (3.0 m) deep.[43][41]	Hell bunker
	Grave bunker	Bunker	[42]
	Pulpit bunker	Bunker	A pot bunker just above Hell bunker.Golf Monthlystated it is so called because “you can stare down into Hell (bunker)”.[43]
15	Miss Grainger’s Bosoms	2Mounds	The 15th hole has two notable mounds named for renowned local 19th-century golfer Agnes Grainger.[16]She used to be a member of theSt Andrews Ladies’ Putting Club.[44]
	Cottage bunker	Bunker	Pilmour Cottage, which is now Pilmour House and the Eden Clubhouse, is referred to.[35]
	Rob’s bunkers	Bunkers	[26]
	Sutherland bunker	Bunker	A little bunker around 260 yards behind the considerably larger Cottage bunker was filled up in 1869. However, it resurfaced three days later. The golfer thought to be responsible for restoring it, AG Sutherland had it named after him, which was subsequently shown to be false.
16	Principal’s Nose bunkers	4 bunkers	According to legend, the bunkers are called for Mr Haldane, a 19th-century head of St Mary’s College with a large nose, or the front porch of Sir Hugh Playfair’s South Street House, which was dubbed so.[45]	Principal’s Nose bunkers
	Deacon Sime bunker	Bunker	About 30 yards behind the cluster of the Principal’s Nose.[32]
	Grant’s bunker	Bunker	[32]
	Wig bunker	Bunker	[32]
17 (The Road Hole)	Theold railwaysheds (part of theOld Course Hotel)	Previouslyrailway sheds.	[46][21]	Old railway sheds
	The Road (Hole) Bunker (a.k.a. the Sands of Nakajima)[47][48]	Bunker	The Heraldhas dubbed the bunker “the world’s most infamous golf hazard.”[48][21]	Road Hole bunker
	Scholar’s bunker	Bunker	[35]
	The Old Station Road andstone wall (out of bounds)	Single-track road	[49][21]	Old Station Road & wall
18	Valley of Sin	Depression	This is an 8-foot-deep (2.4-meter) dip near the front of the 18th putting green.[50]

The Open Championship[edit]

The Openhas been staged at the Old Course at St Andrews 30 times. The following champions are listed:

Year	Winner	Score					Notes
		R1	R2	R3	R4	Total
1873	Tom Kidd	91	88	–	–	179	The Open Championship was contested on an 18-hole course for the first time. There were two rounds of 18 holes instead of three rounds of 12 holes. Kidd took home £11.
1876	Bob Martin1st	86	90	–	–	176	Bob Martin ended in a tie for first place due to a contentious judgement. In protest, his opponentDavie Strathrefused to participate so Martin walked the course and became the Open Champion. He won £10.
1879	Jamie Anderson3rd	84	85	–	–	169	With this win, Jamie Anderson became the first person to break 170 in the Open Championship. He won £10.
1882	Bob Ferguson3rd	83	88	–	–	171	This was the third straight Open Championship for Ferguson. He won £12.
1885	Bob Martin2nd	84	87	–	–	171	Martin earned £10 in his second Open Championship victory.
1888	Jack Burns	86	85	–	–	171	Burns won after his score was re-added, giving him a one-stroke victory. The winner received £8.
1891	Hugh Kirkaldy	83	83	–	–	166	Kirkaldy’s 166 established the tournament record. This was also the last 36-hole Open Championship. The winner received £10.
1895	J.H. Taylor2nd	86	78	80	78	322	This was the first Open to be played over two days (36 holes a day) and a total of 72 holes at St Andrews. At St Andrews, he shot the first rounds under 80. The winner received £30.
1900	J.H. Taylor3rd	79	77	78	75	309	This was the first time the “Great Triumvirate” finished 1-2-3 in an open. That was the name given to the three golfers who dominated the game in the late 19th century to the early 20th century. J.H. Taylor, Harry Vardon, and James Braid won 16 Open Championships between 1894 and 1914. Taylor won his third of five Open Championships. The winner received £50.
1905	James Braid2nd	81	78	78	81	318	This was the first time the Open was held across three days, with 36 holes on the final day. Braid was competing in his second of five Open Championships. The winner received £50.
1910	James Braid5th	76	73	74	76	299	This was Braid’s fifth and last Open Championship. With this win he became the first person to break 300 in a four-round Open at St Andrews, and was the first to win five Open Championships. The winner received £50.
1921	Jock Hutchison	72	75	79	70	296PO	Born in Scotland, Hutchison was the first American citizen to win the Open Championship with this win. Bobby Jones was also making his debut at St Andrews. He ended up walking off the course after he took four shots to get out of a bunker on the 11th hole. The winner received a portion of £75.
1927	Bobby Jones (a)2nd	68	72	73	72	285(−7)	This win marked Bobby Jones’s first Open championship win at St Andrews, his second straight Open Championship, fourth professional major, and his 7th career major (he was a three-time winner of the U.S. Amateur). Jones earned no prize money as an amateur.Aubrey BoomerandFred Robsonresulted in a tie for second place, and the winner’s and second place share of £75 for first place and £50 for second place were pooled and split in half, giving each player 62 pounds and ten shillings.
1933	Denny Shute	73	73	73	73	292(0) PO	In a playoff against Craig Wood, Shute won the Open by five shots. Leo Diegel could have joined them but he whiffed a putt on the 72nd hole, finishing one shot off the lead. The winner received £100.
1939	Dick Burton	70	72	77	71	290(−2)	Because of World War II, the 1939 Open was the last Open until 1946.World War II. TheRoyal Air ForceThe Old Course’s fairways were utilized as runways. Burton held the Claret Jug the longest (7 years), until the tournament resumed in1946, also at St Andrews. The winner’s share was £100.
1946	Sam Snead	71	70	74	75	290(−2)	Despite the fact that Sam Snead won the first Open Championship since1939Despite this, he lost money due to the expensive trip expenditures; his winner’s share was £150. When taking the train into St Andrews, Sam Snead is quoted for looking out of the window and saying “Say, that looks like an old abandoned golf course” about the Old Course.
1955	Peter Thomson2nd	71	68	70	72	281(−7)	This was the second of Thomson’s three straight Open titles, and five overall. His winnings totaled £1,000.
1957	Bobby Locke4th	69	72	68	70	279(−9)	Locke won the Open four times between 1949 and 1957. He survived a possible disqualification when he marked his ball on the 72nd green, and played his ball without replacing his ball mark. The R&A decided that because he had a three shot lead, and he didn’t gain an advantage, that in the spirit of the game, he should not be disqualified. The prize money was £1,000 for the winner.
1960	Kel Nagle	69	67	71	71	278(−10)	This was the 100th anniversary of the Open Championship, albeit it was not the 100th Open Championship to be contested owing to conflicts.Arnold Palmerfinished second and is credited with returning the Open to the eyes of Americans. The winner received £1,250.
1964	Tony Lema	73	68	68	70	279(−9)	From 1962 to 1966, Lema won 12 times on tour, but this was his only major. He won by five shots over Jack Nicklaus, and his winner’s share was £1,500.
1970	Jack Nicklaus2nd	68	69	73	73	283(−5)PO	Doug Sanders bogeyed the 72nd hole after missing a difficult two and a half-foot (0.75 m) putt. He finished tied with Jack Nicklaus. The playoff the next day came down to 18th hole and Nicklaus birdied to win; it was his second Open title and eighth overall major; the winner’s share was £5,250.
1978	Jack Nicklaus3rd	71	72	69	69	281(−7)	Nicklaus completed the career Grand Slam (winning all four majors in your career at least once) for the third time making it his third Open Championship. The winner received £12,500.
1984	Seve Ballesteros2nd	69	68	70	69	276(−12)	Ballesteros birdied the 72nd hole to win by two. His winnings totaled £50,000.
1990	Nick Faldo2nd	67	65	67	71	270(−18)	Faldo set the Open championship scoring record shooting 18 under par, winning his second major of the year, his second Open Championship and his fourth overall major. The winner received £85,000.
1995	John Daly	67	71	73	71	282(−6)PO	Daly defeatedCostantino Roccain a four-hole playoff to win the Open title and £125,000. Arnold Palmer’s last Open Championship participation, and the first forTiger Woods.
2000	Tiger Woods1st	67	66	67	69	269(−19)	Winning the 2000 Open was Tiger Woods’s second consecutive major championship, making him the fifth golfer and the youngest to complete the career Grand Slam. cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval cheval chevalgültig cheval2000 U.S. OpenatPebble BeachHe went on to win the to complete the “Tiger Slam.”2000 PGA ChampionshipatValhalla Golf Cluband the2001 MastersatAugusta National. Woods did not hit a single bunker the entire tournament, won by eight strokes, and set the new Open Championship scoring record with 19 under par. The winner received £500,000 in prize money.
2005	Tiger Woods2nd	66	67	71	70	274(−14)	Woods won his tenth major title, the fourth by five shots or more. It was the last Open Championship for Jack Nicklaus. The winner received £720,000.
2010	Louis Oosthuizen	65	67	69	71	272(−16)	On the 150th anniversary ofthe first Open Championship, Oosthuizen played consistently well, winning the Open by seven strokes with a 16-under-par 272 score.Rory McIlroyThe winner’s share was £850,000 after shooting a 63 in the first round.
2015	Zach Johnson	66	71	70	66	273(−15)PO	In the 144th playing of the Open Championship, Zach Johnson emerged from a three-man playoff to win the tournament. The R&A granted Tom Watson a special exemption so that he may complete his Open career at the Old Course. The tournament finished on Monday due to the extremely high winds that arose during Saturday’s round. Johnson was beaten.Louis OosthuizenandMarc LeishmanA four-hole playoff was held. The winner’s share was £1,150,000.
2022	Cameron Smith	67	64	73	64	268(−20)	Smith came from four strokes behind the third-round leaders in the 150th Open Championship, shooting a final-round 64.Rory McIlroyandViktor Hovlandto win by one fromCameron Young. Smith’s winning score of 268 (20 under par) created a new record for the lowest aggregate over the Old Course in the Open, and equaled the championship to-par mark, achieved byHenrik StensonatTroonin2016. The winner’s share was £2,100,000.[51]

• Note that multiple Open Championship winners have superscript ordinal specifying which in their individual careers.
• (a) denotesamateur

Scorecard[edit]

Hole	Name	Yards	Par		Hole	Name	Yards	Par
1	Burn	376	4		10	Bobby Jones	386	4
2	Dyke	453	4		11	High (In)	174	3
3	Cartgate (Out)	397	4		12	Heathery (In)	348	4
4	Ginger Beer	480	4		13	Hole O’Cross (In)	465	4
5	Hole O’Cross (Out)	568	5		14	Long	618	5
6	Heathery (Out)	412	4		15	Cartgate (In)	455	4
7	High (Out)	371	4		16	Corner of the Dyke	423	4
8	Short	175	3		17	Road	495	4
9	End	352	4		18	Tom Morris	357	4
Out		3,584	36		In		3,721	36
Source:[6]					Total		7,305	72

Old Course[52]

Tee	Rating/Slope	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Out	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	In	Total
Par	Men/Women	4	4/5	4	4/5	5	4	4	3	4	36/38	4	3	4	4/5	5	4	4	4/5	4	36/38	72/76
SI	Men/Women	10/12	6/14	16/8	8/6	2	12/10	4	14/18	18/16		15/13	7/17	3	11	1	9/5	13/9	5/7	17/15
Black	M: 73.1 / 132	376	411	370	419	514	374	359	166	347	3336	340	174	316	418	530	414	381	455	357	3385	6721
Blue	M: 71.4 / 129	355	395	337	411	514	360	349	154	289	3164	311	164	304	388	523	391	345	436	361	3223	6387
Green	M: 69.9 / 125 W: 75.5 / 138	339	375	321	401	454	325	335	145	261	2956	296	150	304	377	487	369	325	426	342	3076	6032

Women’s British Open[edit]

Winners of theWomen’s British Openat the Old Course at St Andrews:

Year	Winner	Score
2007	Lorena Ochoa	287 (−5)
2013	Stacy Lewis	280 (–8)
2024

Senior Open Championship[edit]

Winners of theSenior Open Championshipat the Old Course at St Andrews:

Year	Winner	Score
2018	Miguel Ángel Jiménez	276 (−12)

Structures overlooking the Old Course[edit]

In a clockwise orientation from the north, the following significant buildings overlook the Old Course:

• 

  St Andrews Links Clubhouse

• 

• 

  The Caddie Pavilion

• 

  The Old Pavilion

• 

• 

  Old Course Starter Hut

• 

• 

  Martyrs’ Monument

• 

  The St Andrews Links Golf Shop

• 

• 

  The Old Course Shop, once the St Andrews Woollen Mill Shop

• 

• 

• 

See also[edit]

• Golf in Scotland
• St Andrews Links
• The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews

References[edit]

1. ^“St Andrews Link Trust appointment”. Archived fromthe originalon 13 January 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
2. ^“Flawed or wonderful, the Old Lady has an own appeal.”.BBC. 13 July 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
3. ^“Bunkers of St Andrews”.Golf Monthly. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
4. ^“McIlroy stands tall after his short game training pays off with a 65”.The Independent. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
5. ^“Scottish Golf History – Oldest Golf Sites”. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
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14. ^Kelly, Morgan (14 June 2005).“Jones’ 1930 feat still stands test of time”.USA Today. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
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18. ^“A Step Back in Time – Reversing The Old Course”.Golf Monthly. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
19. ^Borden, Sam (12 June 2015).“Sundays on the Old Course at St. Andrews: No Golfers Allowed”.The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2015. People are asked to avoid the greens and bunkers. On Sundays, locals and tourists explore the Old Course at St. Andrews as it enjoys a weekly rest.
20. ^Jump up to:ab“The Old Course”.National Club Golfer. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
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39. ^“Hole 13”.BBC. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
40. ^“Hole 6”.BBC. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
41. ^Jump up to:ab“Hole 14”.BBC. 7 July 2005. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
42. ^Jump up to:abc“Eclectic 18 UK – Hole No. 14: “Long,” St. Andrews Old Course”The Fried Egg. 22nd of October, 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
43. ^Jump up to:ab“7 Of Golf’s Most Famous Bunkers”.Golf Monthly. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
44. ^“The Old Course: Funny names, horrible places”.Golf Monthly. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
45. ^“Hole 16”.BBC. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
46. ^“‘Road Hole’ to be extended at St. Andrews”.Irish Independent. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
47. ^“Hideki Matsuyama burys ‘Sands of Nakajima’ legacy with historic Masters victory”.The Scotsman. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
48. ^Jump up to:ab“Is golf’s most infamous bunker a shadow of its former self? St Andrews hazard has been moved away from green and lowered by 2ft”.The Herald (Glasgow). 5 December 2002. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
49. ^“What makes a road hole one of golf’s most famous holes?”.Golf Magazine. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
50. ^“Hole 18”.BBC. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
51. ^“St. Andrews poised to smash British Open attendance record”.Associated Press. St. Andrews, Scotland. 26 April 2022. Retrieved on April 30, 2022.
52. ^“The Old Course scorecard”. Retrieved 2 October 2021.

External links[edit]

• The Old Course is the official website of the St Andrews Links Trust.
• Golf Course Histories– A comparison of course aerials from 1932 and 2012. (prior to November 2012 changes)
• Top 100 Golf Courses – The Old Course
• 3D Course Plannerat ProVisualizer

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